by Marie Curie 
Da Vinci Notes 11: The Heart and the Vortex in the Valve
I cast the root of an ox's artery in wax, blew it in glass and sent seeds through it, and watched eddies in its three pouches shut the door of the heart before the blood could return.
Leonardo finds the heart is a muscle with four chambers, builds a glass aorta, and sees vortices close the aortic valve, confirmed by Bellhouse and 4D MRI.
Leonardo da Vinci
November 8, 2026
32 min