I cast the root of an ox's artery in wax, blew it in glass and sent seeds through it, and watched eddies in its three pouches shut the door of the heart before the blood could return.
Leonardo finds the heart is a muscle with four chambers, builds a glass aorta, and sees vortices close the aortic valve, confirmed by Bellhouse and 4D MRI.
Leonardo da Vinci
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November 8, 2026
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32 min
A man who said he was a hundred died beside me at Santa Maria Nuova. I opened him to see the cause of so sweet a death, and found it in his vessels.
Leonardo's centenarian dissection of 1507 to 1508: thickened, snake-like vessels, the child of two years, the oranges, and why narrow vessels carry so little blood.
Leonardo da Vinci
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November 8, 2026
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29 min
I draw each muscle as a thread from its beginning to its end, weigh the elbow as the pole of a balance, and find the cord that turns the hand palm up.
Leonardo's arm studies of 1510 to 1511: muscles drawn as threads, the elbow as a lever, why the biceps pulls nine times the weight, and how it turns the hand.
Leonardo da Vinci
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November 8, 2026
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32 min